Sexual Health News

[Big Sexy]

What are the early signs of HIV in men?
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321920.php

HIV is a virus that attacks the body's immune system, destroying a specific type of cell that helps the body fight off infections and diseases. In the United States, a higher number of men are living with the virus than women.
With effective treatment of antiretroviral medication, people with HIV can live healthy lives without the risk of transmitting the virus to others.

In this article, we look at the early signs and symptoms of HIV in men, along with when they should take a test to ensure they receive effective treatment.

Symptoms specific to men

Initial HIV symptoms are usually vague and unspecific in men. Early symptoms of the infection are usually bearable and frequently mistaken for flu or another mild condition.

As such, men may undervalue the symptoms and put off seeing a doctor until the symptoms worsen, at which time the infection might be very advanced. The fact that some men do not receive timely treatment may be a reason why men are more severely affected by the disease than women.

However, this may not be true for every man. Besides flu-like symptoms, some men may also experience more severe symptoms early on, such as:

dementia
weight loss
fatigue
In rare cases, it is possible for the condition to progress to AIDS rapidly.

Early signs and symptoms of HIV

Early signs and symptoms of HIV are generally subtle in men. People may easily underestimate them or mistake them for minor health conditions.

Men can experience flu-like symptoms some days to weeks after contracting the virus, which may include:

fever
skin rash
headaches
a sore throat
tiredness
Less common early HIV symptoms include:

ulcers in the mouth
ulcers on the genitals
night sweating
nausea or vomiting
sore muscles
pain in the joints
swollen lymph nodes

How common is HIV in men and women?

Although scientists and researchers have made significant progress in the prevention and treatment of HIV over the last decades, it remains a serious health problem in most countries around the world.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2016, an estimated 39,782 people were diagnosed with HIV in the U.S.

Although the number of new diagnoses fell by 5 percent between 2011 and 2015, there were still around 1.1 million people in the U.S. living with HIV in 2015.

A higher number of men than women are living with the virus. By the end of 2010, 76 percent of all people with the virus in the U.S. were male. Most new diagnoses that year were also in men: approximately 38,000, which represents 80 percent of all new diagnoses.

Some groups of people are affected more by HIV than others. Among men, 70 percent of new diagnoses were a result of male-to-male sexual contact in 2014. A further 3 percent were associated with male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use.

In 2016, 44 percent of new HIV diagnoses were among African Americans, compared with 26 percent among white people and 25 percent among Hispanics and Latinos.

Timeline of HIV

HIV typically progresses through three stages. Each stage has particular characteristics and symptoms.

Stage 1: Acute phase

This stage usually occurs 2 to 4 weeks after transmission, and not every person will notice it.

Typical symptoms are similar to flu and may include fever, sickness, and chills. Some people do not realize they have the virus because their symptoms are mild and they do not feel sick.

At this stage, people usually have a significant amount of virus in their bloodstream, which means that it is easy to pass it on. If someone thinks that they might have the virus, they should seek medical care and get tested as soon as possible.

Stage 2: Clinical latency

This stage can last for 10 years or more if the person does not receive treatment. It is marked by an absence of symptoms, which is why this is phase is also known as the asymptomatic phase.

At this stage, a medication known as antiretroviral therapy (ART) can control the virus, meaning that HIV does not progress further. It also means that people are less likely to transmit the virus to others.

While the virus is still reproducing in the bloodstream, it may do so at levels that are undetectable by testing. If someone has undetectable levels of the virus for at least 6 months, they cannot pass the virus on to others through sex.

During this phase, HIV is still multiplying inside the body but at lower levels than in the acute phase.

Stage 3: AIDS

This is the most severe stage when the amount of virus in the body has devastated the body's population of immune cells. Typical symptoms of this stage include:

fever
sweat
chills
weight loss
weakness
swollen lymph nodes
At this stage, the immune system is very weakened, which allows opportunistic infections to invade the body.

In the U.S., most people do not develop AIDS due to ART.

Diagnosis in men vs. women

Doctors diagnose HIV in both men and women by testing a blood or saliva sample, although they could also test a urine sample. This test looks for antibodies produced by the person to fight the virus. The test typically takes around 3 to 12 weeks to detect antibodies.

Another test looks for HIV antigens, which are substances that the virus produces immediately after transmission. These antigens cause the immune system to activate. HIV produces the p24 antigen in the body even before antibodies develop.

Usually, both the antibody and the antigen tests are done in labs, but there are also home tests that people can take.

Home tests may require a small sample of blood or saliva, and their results are quickly available. If the test is positive, it is essential to confirm the results with a doctor. If the test is negative, a person should repeat it after a few months to confirm the results.

How often should a man get tested?

Men who are sexually active should get tested for HIV at least once in their lifetime as part of their routine health care.

The CDC recommend that everyone between the ages of 13 and 64 should take an HIV test.

The CDC also recommend that people with specific risk factors should take a test at least once a year. This recommendation applies to gay and bisexual men, and men who have sex with men, and users of injectable drugs.

Besides these formal recommendations, everyone who may have been exposed to HIV or had sex without a condom should also take a test.

Outlook

HIV is a virus that weakens the person's immune system and leaves the body more prone to opportunistic diseases and infections.

Although there is no cure for HIV, it can be well-controlled with medication. People with the virus can live healthy lives with proper medical care and medication.

Getting an early diagnosis and treatment can help slow the progression of the virus and significantly improve a person's quality of life. For men, being able to spot the early signs can help with getting a quick diagnosis.

[IAmAwesome]

Originally Posted by Big Sexy

Tea tree oil. Tea tree oil has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, which can help to reduce whiteheads

This is very true each time when i have any whiteheads, i use some tea tree oil cream after about 2/3 days the whitehead disappears

[Big Sexy]

What causes vaginal skin tags?
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321687.php

Skin tags are small, harmless skin growths. They may be loose and movable, and might even be mistaken for peeling skin. They do not require treatment but are easy for a doctor to remove if a person finds them irritating.
Skin tags are sometimes called achrocordons or soft fibromas. While they are uncommon near the vagina, they can develop anywhere.



Some vaginal growths that look like skin tags may actually be genital warts, so it is essential to get a proper diagnosis.

In this article, we list the possible causes of vaginal skin tags and how people can get rid of them. We also discuss how to tell the difference between vaginal skin tags and genital warts.

What is a skin tag?

Skin tags are harmless skin growths. According to the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology, as many as half of Americans have at least one.

Doctors are unsure what causes skin tags, although they seem to run in families. They are made of loose fibers of collagen, which is a protein that helps make up the skin. They may also contain blood vessels.

Skin tags are usually relatively small and can resemble warts, moles, or a piece of skin that is hanging loose. They may be flesh-colored or slightly lighter or darker than the surrounding skin.

Skin tags do not cause cancer or turn into cancer. However, some forms of cancer can look like skin tags. Moles that resemble skin tags may also turn cancerous, so a person should not assume that a new or rapidly growing bump is a skin tag.

Skin tags do not normally cause symptoms and should not be painful. However, they can get caught on clothing or be scraped when shaving or rubbing the skin. This may pull them off, rip them, or cause skin infections.

Anyone with a painful or bleeding skin tag should speak to a doctor.

Causes

Researchers are unsure why some people develop skin tags and others do not. Skin tags are not a sign of any underlying skin disease.

Some research suggests that people with human papillomavirus (HPV) may get more skin tags than others. The type of HPV linked to skin tags is a lower-risk form of the virus than the type linked to cancer, however.

Other risk factors for skin tags include:

diabetes and insulin resistance
being overweight
pregnancy
Skin tags are more common in areas where the skin is dry, folded, or exposed to a lot of friction. These areas include the underarms and areas that are frequently rubbed by clothing.

Skin tags do not grow inside the vagina, but they may appear near the vagina. Skin tags can grow on or around the vulva. They may also grow near the vulva on the inside of the thighs.

Friction from underwear or other clothing can irritate skin tags in this area, and may even be a risk factor for developing them.

Diagnosis

Dermatologists can usually diagnose skin tags with a quick visual examination. When skin tags look unusual — such as when they are very large or dark — it may be necessary to take a sample to test in a lab.

A doctor may also test for HPV, particularly if there is a large group of skin tags near the genitals.

Vaginal skin tags vs. genital warts

Growths that look like skin tags on the genitals may actually be genital warts. Genital warts are typically caused by the HPV virus.

Some forms of HPV can increase a person's risk of cancer, so a doctor may test the warts to determine the type.

Most genital warts are caused by a strain of HPV that does not cause cancer. However, other strains of HPV are linked to cervical, throat, and other cancers, so proper diagnosis of the type of HPV is important.

Skin tags look different from genital warts. A skin growth is probably a skin tag if:

it is loose and stalk-like
it is in an area where the skin folds
it is located in an area of dry skin, not in or around the vagina
it is not painful or itchy
there are only one or two growths together
A growth could be a genital wart or another condition if:

the growth is flat and round
there are many skin growths in clusters
the growth is in or around the vagina or anus
it causes itching, pain, or bleeding

What's to know about bumps on the skin?
What's to know about bumps on the skin?
There are many different types of bump that can appear on the skin. In this article, we look at common bumps, where they might occur, and self-care tips.

How to get rid of them

Removing skin tags at home can be dangerous and cause infections, so it is important to see a doctor.

In rare cases, growths that look like skin tags may be a sign of another condition, including cancer. Removing the growth will not get rid of any underlying conditions, so it is essential to see a doctor first for diagnosis.

Even if the growth is definitely a skin tag, home removal is dangerous. Cutting or pulling a skin tag may not remove the whole thing. It may become infected and irritated. A severe skin infection can cause scarring or spread to other parts of the body.

Safely removing a skin tag near the vagina is even more dangerous, since the skin tag can be difficult to see and will be surrounded by sensitive tissues.

Doctors can easily and safely remove skin tags. One option is to freeze the tag off with liquid nitrogen. A doctor may also inject a numbing solution into the skin and cut the skin tag with scissors or a scalpel. These procedures are not painful but the skin may feel tender temporarily.

When to see a doctor
If a skin tag is bleeding or gets caught on clothing or a zipper, people should speak to a doctor. Injured skin tags can become painful and infected, or cause scarring and skin damage.

Most skin tags do not require medical treatment. As other skin growths may resemble skin tags, however, it is important to see a doctor who specializes in skin health for a proper diagnosis.

People should also have annual skin checks with a family doctor or a dermatologist to ensure that moles and other skin growths, including those that look like skin tags, have not become cancerous or pre-cancerous.

Outlook

True skin tags are harmless and can be easily removed in a doctor's office. Some skin tags disappear over time.

People with one skin tag may develop more later on. By the age of 70, most people stop developing new skin tags.

While skin tags can be annoying, they will not cause cancer or other serious medical problems. It is important to prevent them from snagging on clothing or getting ripped, however, as they can get infected.

People should not pick at or pull on skin tags. With time, they may disappear. If they do not go away, treatment is safe, easy, and painless.

[Big Sexy]

What causes a friable cervix?
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321666.php

A friable cervix occurs when a person's cervix, which is the opening between the vagina and uterus, becomes more sensitive than usual.
The term "friable" refers to tissue that is easily irritated, which makes it more prone to inflammation, bleeding, or tearing. A person with a friable cervix may notice pain or bleeding after intercourse.

There are several reasons why a person may have an overly sensitive cervix, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or physical irritation. The treatment will depend on the cause.

In this article, we explore the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and outlook for a friable cervix.

Symptoms

The symptoms of a friable cervix may vary depending on its cause. Common symptoms that indicate a person has a friable cervix include:

bleeding between periods or after intercourse
pain or discomfort during sex
unusual vaginal discharge
irritation that is felt inside the vagina
In some cases, a person may have a friable cervix without having any symptoms, which means it can go undetected.

If a person notices the symptoms of a friable cervix, they should speak with their doctor to rule out other causes that have similar symptoms, such as pregnancy, infection, or growths in the uterus or cervix.

Causes

There are several factors that can cause an overly sensitive cervix. These include:

Cervicitis

Cervicitis is the name given to any inflammation of the cervix. It can be caused by various kinds of infection, including:

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs). STIs can cause irritation and inflammation in the cervix. STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and genital herpes.
Bacterial vaginosis. Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when there is an imbalance in the bacteria of the vagina. It can affect the cervix.

Physical irritation

A friable cervix can also be caused by physical irritation or an allergic reaction. For instance, an adverse reaction in the cervix can be caused by spermicides, latex condoms, or female contraceptives devices such as diaphragms and pessaries.

Pregnancy

Pregnancy hormones can cause the cervix to become more sensitive than usual. This is because of the increased blood supply in the tissues surrounding the cervix.

This increased sensitivity means that any irritation to the cervix, such as intercourse or an internal examination, can result in spotting or bleeding.

A friable or sensitive cervix on its own is not a risk to pregnancy. However, a woman should consult her doctor immediately if any bleeding occurs during pregnancy.

Cervical polyps

Cervical polyps are small growths that develop on the cervix. Most are benign but could cause bleeding after intercourse or between periods.

Cervical ectropion

Cervical ectropion occurs when the thin layer of glandular cells that are normally found inside the cervical canal extend to the outside of the cervix. This is a benign condition.

Symptoms include vaginal discharge and bleeding after intercourse. They normally do not need to be treated.

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)

This condition occurs when cells in the cervix undergo abnormal changes over time and could potentially turn cancerous if not treated.

Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that affects the cells of the cervix. In its early stages, cancer of the cervix often has no visible symptoms.

If there are signs, the most common one is vaginal bleeding, which a person may notice after intercourse or between periods.

Most cases of cervical cancer are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV), a virus that can be passed on through sexual contact.

Treatment

The treatments for conditions that cause a friable cervix can vary depending on the underlying causes.

Cervicitis can be treated once the cause of the infection, usually an STI, is identified. If left untreated, cervicitis can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can, in turn, cause fertility problems.

STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis can be treated with antibiotics.

While there is no cure for viral infections such as herpes and HPV, there are treatments that can ease its symptoms.

Doctors can remove cervical polyps with an instrument called polyp forceps. They can also remove CIN tissue using a small, electrically charged wire loop called LEEP.

Cervical ectropion usually clears up on its own without need for treatment. But if it causes problems, a doctor can cauterize or burn it off.

Treatment

Treatment for cervical cancer will depend on how far the cancer has spread. They would include:

removal of abnormal cells using cone biopsy or laser therapy
surgery
radiotherapy
chemotherapy
Some studies suggest that drinking green tea and eating yogurt or taking probiotic supplements can ease gynecological disorders. However, these should only be used to supplement and not replace medical treatments.

Diagnosis

There are several ways to diagnose conditions that cause a friable cervix:

STI tests. These tests normally require a swab from the infected area or a urine sample.
A pap test. A pap test, also called a smear test, involves gathering cells from the surface of the cervix to detect abnormal cells or identify the HPV types that could lead to cancer.
A biopsy. A biopsy involves removing a small sample of tissue from the cervix and testing it for abnormal or precancerous cells, or cervical cancer.
Colposcopy. A colposcopy is an examination of the cervix using a magnifying device called a colposcope.

Prevention

There are several ways to reduce the risk of developing conditions that cause a friable cervix in the first place. These include:

Having a HPV shot. This vaccination protects against infection by the HPV strains that cause cervical cancer, other genital cancers, and most genital warts. The vaccines may be given to children from 11 years old until they reach 26.
Attending regular cervical screenings. Also called pap smears, cervical screenings are the best way to detect abnormal changes in cervical cells at an early stage.
Using barrier protection during sex. The use of condoms during intercourse to lower the chances of developing an STD.
Having regular STI tests. These tests are recommended for people who are sexually active, especially since many symptoms are not immediately visible.
Avoiding smoking. People who smoke are less likely to get rid of the HPV infection, which can progress and develop into cancer.

Outlook

It is possible for a friable cervix to clear up on its own. Many of the conditions that cause its symptoms can be treated easily, especially if detected early.

However, if left untreated, some infections, such as chlamydia, can result in infertility or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). An HPV infection can lead to cervical cancer if not treated early.

If a person experiences the symptoms of a friable cervix, they should visit their doctor for an accurate diagnosis and treatment.

[Big Sexy]

What is the treatment for a pimple on the scrotum?
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321986.php

A pimple on the scrotum is usually harmless, but it may also be a sign of a virus or infection. The scrotum can be particularly affected by pimples because sweat and moisture often build up and clog pores in the area.
Sweat and dead skin cells are common causes of pimples. Hence, pimples usually go away without treatment.



The primary cause of pimples is pores that are blocked by:

dead skin cells
dirt
sweat
natural body oils
When a pore is blocked, bacteria can build up. This causes redness, a raised area of skin, pus, or sometimes all three.

Types and causes

Pimples can form in almost any area of the body, and there are several different types:

blackheads, which form when oil clogs a pore and the air turns it black
whiteheads, which form the same way but remain white as the top of the pore is closed
papules or red bumps that often feel sore when touched
pustules that have a white tip in their center caused by pus building up
nodules or bumps below the surface of the skin, which are often painful
Any one of these forms of pimple may develop on the scrotum.

The cause of a pimple on the scrotum is usually the same as for a pimple on the face or back:

Ingrown hair

An ingrown hair is a common cause of a pimple on the scrotum. This happens when a hair twists and grows back into the skin. It usually creates a red spot that can cause itching or discomfort.

An ingrown hair can happen when hair follicles become blocked with dead skin cells. This causes a hair to grow sideways or inward instead of outward. Pubic hair is usually curlier and coarser than the hair on the head, and this type of hair is more likely to become ingrown.

Ingrown hairs are more common on areas that have been shaved. If someone shaves the hair on or around their testicles, this may cause ingrown hairs.

Folliculitis

The hair follicles around an ingrown hair can become inflamed or infected. This is a condition known as folliculitis.

The hair follicles may swell up and fill with pus, and often appear in a cluster.

Heat rash

Heat rash can affect the skin in warm weather. It appears as small, red spots and usually causes an itching or prickling feeling.

Sweating can irritate the rash, so keeping the skin cool can help with symptoms.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Some sexually transmitted infections or STIs can cause spots to form on the scrotum:

Herpes causes small blisters to appear on the skin.
Syphilis is now a fairly uncommon STI, but it can cause a sore on the skin.
Pubic lice, also known as crabs, can cause a rash of small red bumps.

Cysts

Cysts are pus-filled spots that form underneath the skin.

They can appear on any part of the body and are usually harmless unless they become infected.

Molluscum contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum is a virus that affects the skin. It is more common in children and usually does not need treatment.

The main symptom is small, raised spots that are firm to the touch. They form in clusters, usually in creases around the body, such as the armpits and groin.

Close physical contact can spread the virus. To prevent the infection from spreading, a person should not share baths, towels, or clothing.

What does a white, red, or black color mean?

A pimple may appear in a range of colors.

White pimples usually contain pus.
Black pimples are often open. Air reaches the oil blocking the pore, causing a reaction that turns it black.
Redness is usually a sign of irritation or swelling.
An STI or other infection can cause red spots or a rash. Black or white pimples are more likely to be caused by the pores clogged with oil or dead skin cells.

When to see a doctor

If pimples appear on the scrotum repeatedly, people may wish to seek medical advice.

Pimples that appear in clusters, or look like they may be a rash, can be a virus or infection that may need treatment.

If someone has symptoms of an STI, they should see a doctor. Symptoms can include itching, fever, pain when urinating, and discharge from the penis.

What are the treatment options?

Pimples often do not need any treatment. They should disappear on their own within 1 to 2 weeks.

An ingrown hair should be left alone, as it will usually work its way out of the hair follicle naturally.

Folliculitis usually does not need treatment, but a person should see a doctor if it lasts for more than a week.

Using chemicals on the body can irritate pimples. The skin should be kept clean and dry, using warm water and gentle soap for washing.

Do not pick or scratch a pimple, as this can damage it. A pimple that has burst or bled is more likely to become infected.

Heat rash can be treated at home by:

applying a cool, wet flannel to skin to soothe irritation
having a cool shower or bath
wearing loose-fitting clothing
staying hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids
Pimples that are caused by an infection or virus may need treatment. A doctor will be able to advise on the right course of action.

If a person has an STI, they may need to take a course of antibiotics. Abstaining from sexual contact until the infection has cleared will prevent it being spread to others.

Prevention

Good hygiene can help to prevent pimples. Wearing clean underwear and showering every day can help to stop pimples from developing. Taking a shower after exercise or sweating a lot can help to prevent sweat clogging pores, which can lead to pimples.

Loose-fitting underwear made from natural fabrics can stop heat and moisture from building up. If pimples are caused by ingrown hairs, avoiding shaving can prevent them from developing. Hair removal cream is less likely to cause ingrown hairs than shaving.

Takeaway

Most pimples are harmless, and will usually go away on their own. Anyone with recurrent pimples on the scrotum should consider seeing a doctor or take preventive measures.

People who have symptoms that may indicate an STI should see a doctor for a diagnosis.

[Big Sexy]

Scientists report setbacks in quest for AIDS cure
http://www.digitaljournal.com/print/article/527824

Scientists reported setbacks Tuesday in the quest for an AIDS cure, and highlighted concerns about inconclusive evidence linking a promising new HIV drug to birth defects.

According to research presented at the 22nd International AIDS Conference in Amsterdam, four cases of "neural tube" defects were recorded among the pregnancies of 426 HIV-positive women in Botswana who took the drug dolutegravir before conception.

Neural tube defects cause severe brain and spinal deformities in the first weeks after conception, and often lead to stillbirth.

The cases amount to a ratio of nearly one defect per 100 pregnancies, compared to the rate in the general population of about one per 1,000, researcher Rebecca Zash of the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health explained.

The defects were observed between August 2014 and May this year.

There have been no new reports among 170 dolutegravir pregnancies monitored since, but Zash said, "I don't think we can take much reassurance" from that.

Four birth defects in 596 pregnancies was "still seven times higher than other groups, and statistically significant", she added.

Dolutegravir is a relatively new HIV-suppressor with fewer side-effects, and is thought less likely to spark drug resistance in patients.

Countries targeted by the US PEPFAR AIDS relief fund were on the cusp of rolling it out as the leading antiretroviral therapy (ART), International AIDS Society president Linda-Gail Bekker told AFP.

- Waiting game -

Botswana was the first country to introduce dolutegravir as a first-line antiretroviral drug for all who need it, including women of child-bearing age.

"This puts a very definite bump in the road," Bekker said, adding that conference organisers "scurried" to organise last-minute sessions to discuss the consequences of the Botswana results.

Pending clarification, global health agencies have advised HIV-positive women planning a family to use other antiretrovirals instead.

"I wish so badly that this (data) signal would go away" with further research, Zash told AFP.

In the meantime, "it's tough, but I think we just have to wait" for more information.

On the cure front, there was bad news too.

A trial to test a new strategy to "kick" the AIDS-causing HIV virus out of its hiding place in human cells, then "kill" it, yielded a disappointing outcome.




Researchers tested the effects of several medicines on top of standard ART in a trial with 60 HIV-positive men.

Volunteers received two vaccines meant to coach the body's immune system to recognise HIV, and another drug to "wake up" the reservoir cells hiding the virus, allowing it to be attacked by the body's own defences.

But trial participants who received these drugs had no different outcome to those on standard ART, said Sarah Fidler, a professor of HIV medicine at Imperial College London who took part in the research.

"Of course the overall effect wasn't what we would hope for, but it was definitive," she told journalists in the Dutch capital.

"All results move the knowledge forward even if they're somewhat disappointing."

For scientists, "cure" means weakening HIV to a point where it poses no harm to the infected person and cannot be transmitted to others -- allowing people to stop treatment without any risk.

- 'Very difficult challenge' -

"A cure remains a top scientific priority," said researcher Sharon Lewin of the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity at the University of Melbourne.

However, "what we've learnt, I think over the last decade: this is going to be a very difficult scientific challenge."

In another potential setback, a Thai study concluded that a type of "feminising hormone" used by transgender women appears to lower the concentration of a virus-repressing drug, tenofovir, in the blood.

This did not necessarily mean that hormone therapy renders the virus-repressing drug less effective, said Akarin Hiransuthikul of the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre.

But further research is needed to unlock the potential repercussions.

There was some encouraging news too.

Updated findings in an ongoing study found zero infections among uninfected men in relationships with HIV-positive men who use virus-suppressing drugs.

Another study provided further evidence that "on-demand" use of antiretrovirals, pre- and post-sex, appears to work as a means of infection prevention.

And new data in the APPROACH vaccine study among nearly 400 HIV-negative adults, showed an immune response was still present 78 weeks after a fourth dose, though this does not yet constitute evidence that it works.

[Big Sexy]

11 babies die after Viagra drug trial on pregnant women
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/w...-a8461846.html

Scheme terminated early after 17 infants developed ultimately fatal lung issues

A drug trial that saw pregnant women given Viagra has been halted after 11 babies died of complications linked to the drug.

As part of the scheme led by Amsterdam University Medical Centre, pregnant women whose placentas were underdeveloped in the womb and had a high likelihood of giving birth prematurely took sildenafil, the medication sold under the brand name Viagra.

Viagra is a treatment for erectile dysfunction in men that dilates blood vessels. The drug is also prescribed to treat high blood pressure.

The hope was that Viagra would encourage blood flow to the placenta, subsequently promoting increased growth of the child - as backed by experimental research conducted on lab rats.

However, the trial, carried out across 10 hospitals in the Netherlands, was terminated when an independent committee discovered that more babies were dying after birth as a result of lung problems compared to the babies born to women taking the placebo.

According to Marc van den Broek, a spokesperson for Amsterdam UMC who spoke to The Independent, all of the women who participated in the study had a “very low birthrate” and the children would be in intensive care after they were born.

Of the 93 women given Viagra as part of the trial, 17 babies developed lung problems, 11 of which have since died. A further eight died from unrelated conditions.

In comparison, of the 90 women in a control group who took the placebo, just three babies developed the same lung issues. No babies died from conditions that were linked to the Viagra, however nine did die from unrelated problems.

A further 10 to 15 women are still waiting for results on their children’s health following the trial.

Although the results of the terminated trial have not been confirmed, it is believed that drug caused high blood pressure in the lungs resulting in too little oxygen in the babies who died.

Van den Broek said the babies developed “severe lung problems” and thath the results of the study were released after the women were informed.

A statement released by the hospital said: “An interim analysis by Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, showed that sildenafil may be detrimental to the baby after birth. The chance of a disease of the blood vessels of the lungs appears to be greater and the chance of death after birth seems to have increased.

“The researchers found no positive effect for the children on other outcomes. All adverse effects occurred after birth … Based on these findings, the study stopped immediately. All participants were approached personally and almost everyone was informed and know by now whether they have taken the drug or the placebo.”

Similar studies on the effects of Viagra on pregnant women have been conducted in the UK by the University of Liverpool and New Zealand by the University of Auckland but the results of these studies were inconclusive.

A study currently being conducted in Canada has also been halted following the 11 deaths.

Before the drug trial, some doctors prescribed Viagra to pregnant women who asked for it as a measure to save their unborn children, according to van den Broek.

Speaking to the Dutch newspaper De Volkskrant, gynaecologist and the lead researcher of the drug trial Wessel Ganzevoort said: “It was buzzing at conferences. Foreign colleagues let slip that they sometimes prescribed it, with good results.”

Of the request for Viagra from women carrying underdeveloped foetuses, Mr van den Broek said: “They are happy with anything that might help.

“The study helps despite the very sad outcome because it helps to prevent more babies from dying while women are pregnant.”

Although it is believed the trial, which began in 2015 and was meant to conclude in 2020, was conducted properly, it is expected that an external investigation will be launched

[Big Sexy]

Vulvovaginitis
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322014.php

Vulvovaginitis refers to different conditions that cause inflammation or infection in the vulva and vagina. The condition is common and easily treatable.
Potential causes of vulvovaginitis include:

bacteria
yeast
parasites
Typically, the symptoms of vulvovaginitis affect both the vulva and vagina. How someone experiences the condition depends on the cause.

Causes of vulvovaginitis?
The types and causes of the condition include the following:

Bacterial vaginosis (BV)

BV is the most common type of vulvovaginitis. Bacterial imbalances in the vagina cause the condition.

Any woman can get BV, and sexual activity does not usually play a role in its development, but it can.

BV prevalence in the United States is estimated to be 21.2 million, or 29 percent in females ages 14 to 49 years old, this is according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Up to 84 percent of females with BV do not report any symptoms.

Yeast infections, including Candida infections, are common causes of vulvovaginitis. These infections are also called vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Yeast infections are not sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Yeast infections affect up to 75 percent of the female population at least once in their lifetimes, and recurrences are not unusual. Recurrences are more common in those with immunodeficiency disorders, such as diabetes and lupus.

Trichomonas
Trichomonas or trichomoniasis is an infection caused by a parasite and is usually spread through sexual contact, but not always.

The prevalence of trichomonas in the U.S. is believed to be around 2.3 million, or 3.1 percent, amongst girls and women, ages 14 to 49 years of age, according to the CDC.

Other causes

Further causes of vulvovaginitis include:

ingredients in soaps, lotions, and personal hygiene products, including douches
spermicides
heat rashes from tight-fitting or wet clothing
chronic skin conditions
reduced estrogen levels around the start of menopause or after childbirth
foreign bodies, including lost tampons
poor hygiene spread from bacteria in feces
Vulvovaginitis caused by poor hygiene tends to be more common in young girls who have not yet hit puberty. This may be due to poor hygiene practices that can transfer fecal bacteria to the vagina.

What are the symptoms?

General symptoms of vulvovaginitis include:

itching
burning
irritation
redness or soreness
swelling
dryness

Some women may also experience:

pain or discomfort with urination
pain during sexual activity
light bleeding outside monthly periods
abnormal discharge
odor, sometimes fishy smelling

What do odor and discharge say about the cause?

Discharge and odor distinguish the three causes of vulvovaginitis.

Discharge with yeast infections is generally white and cottage cheese-like, but it does not have an odor. Yeast infections also cause itching.
BV discharge is more substantial and may appear as a grey or green color. Its fishy smelling odor can distinguish BV.
Trichomoniasis discharge may also have a fishy odor. The color of the discharge is a yellow-green color, and it appears foam-like.

When to see a doctor

Vulvovaginitis can be serious if not treated, although it is not generally a severe condition.

Seeing a doctor is the best way to determine what is happening and to get the right treatments because of the many causes, including sexual contact.

A doctor will make a diagnosis of vulvovaginitis based on symptoms and analysis of any vaginal discharge.

Carrying out a pelvic exam can also help with diagnosis. Pelvic exams involve physical and visual examination of the reproductive organs, including the vulva and vagina.

A doctor may test vaginal discharge with a wet prep test, also called a vaginal wet mount.

They may test vaginal pH as well, as raised pH levels can indicate BV or trichomoniasis. A doctor will apply a pH testing stick to the vaginal walls to check pH levels.

Once a doctor has decided the bacteria, yeast, or parasite source of the vulvovaginitis, they will diagnose the type of vulvovaginitis, and treatment can begin.

What are the treatment options?

Treatments depend on the cause and include the following:

BV treatments

Treating BV involves an individual taking medications and applying gels and creams to the vulva and vagina.

Medications, such as metronidazole (available as a tablet or gel) or clindamycin (a cream) are only available with a doctor's prescription.

Yeast infection treatments

Treating yeast infections can be done with over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal creams and suppositories, such as miconazole, which is available under the brand name Monistat.

Doctors may treat yeast infections with prescription oral antifungal medications, including fluconazole (Diflucan). If they have diagnosed a yeast infection, they will probably prescribe fluconazole or another prescription antifungal.

Trichomoniasis

A single dose of either metronidazole or tinidazole can treat and cure trichomoniasis, according to the CDC.

It is necessary to treat all sexual partners. They should also avoid sexual contact for at least a week, and until all symptoms are gone to prevent reinfection.

It is also essential to get rechecked if symptoms return.

Do home remedies work?

Mild cases of BV and yeast infections can go away without treatment or with home remedies. It may still be a good idea to see a doctor who can prescribe appropriate treatments, however.

Research has been done on natural remedies for BV and yeast infections, including yogurt, garlic, and boric acid.

Yogurt

Because yogurt contains good bacteria, eating it daily is an effective remedy for BV. Moreover, the probiotics in yogurt help maintain pH levels to minimize bad vaginal bacteria and yeast growth.

Garlic

Garlic has been found to be similar to metronidazole in treating BV and does not cause side effects. It can be added to the diet or taken as a supplement to manage symptoms and prevent BV.

What do the studies say about home remedies?
Research from the Journal of Women's Health found that boric acid is a safe alternative for treating recurrent yeast infections. A person can apply it as a vaginal suppository before bedtime. It is a good idea to check with a doctor before starting boric acid treatment.

Takeaway

Treatment for vulvovaginitis depends on the cause, and some cases may go away without treatment.

Good hygiene is the best way to prevent non-infectious vulvovaginitis. Wearing comfortable clothing that absorbs moisture can also reduce infection. Using a condom can prevent most sexually transmitted forms of vulvovaginitis.

Adoption of good lifestyle habits, including a healthy diet, and management of all health conditions can also help avoid vulvovaginitis.

[Big Sexy]

why do they need such data?
They should include their full name, phone number, bank and bank account number to receive the refund in their bank accounts within 14 days, Durex said.

Durex recalls some batches of Real Feel condoms in Singapore over durability concerns

https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news...apore-10596516

SINGAPORE: Durex has recalled several batches of one of its condoms in Singapore after they failed to pass shelf-life durability tests, the condom manufacturer said on its website.

The recall, initiated on Aug 1, involves three batches of non-latex Real Feel condoms with the batch numbers 1000433144, 1000438055 and 1000422259.

The numbers are shown on the bottom of the pack and on the foil wrapping of individual condoms, Durex said.



"We recently found that a limited number of non-latex Real Feel condoms made earlier this year are not passing our stringent shelf-life durability tests," Durex said in the notice, adding that it decided to recall the affected batches after working with regulatory authorities.

There is no immediate safety concern for consumers and only the three batches listed are affected, it added.

Customers who have purchased condoms with the batch numbers listed can get a refund by mailing them to Durex at this address: Durex Real Feel, 1 Sophia Road #04-14 Peace Centre, Singapore 228149.

They should include their full name, phone number, bank and bank account number to receive the refund in their bank accounts within 14 days, Durex said.

Full refunds on the original packs will be given for all unused condoms returned, even if customers have already used some of the condoms from the pack, it added.

The same batches of condoms have also been recalled in Malaysia.

Durex also recently recalled some batches of its Real Feel condoms in the United Kingdom and Ireland due to concerns they may burst towards the end of their shelf life.

[Big Sexy]

Long-acting injection a shot in the arm for GSK's HIV business

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-g...-idUSKBN1L00L2

LONDON (Reuters) - A long-acting injection developed by GlaxoSmithKline and given once a month has proved as effective as standard daily pills for controlling the AIDS virus, lifting prospects for the British drugmaker’s key HIV business.

GSK’s majority-owned ViiV Healthcare unit said on Wednesday the experimental two-drug injection of cabotegravir and rilpivirine maintained similar rates of viral suppression compared with a standard three-drug oral regimen, after 48 weeks of a clinical trial.

The result from the big Phase III study is a boost for GSK’s goal of developing dual therapies that are easier to tolerate than conventional triple ones, and shares in GSK rose 1.5 percent. It follows recent positive data from combining two oral drugs.

GSK hopes its new approach will allow it to compete more effectively against Gilead Sciences, the U.S. drugmaker that dominates the $26 billion-a-year HIV market.

Shares in Gilead, which also announced late on Tuesday that its Chief Medical Officer Andrew Cheng was leaving the company, fell 3 percent.

Gilead currently has a market share of around 52 percent against GSK’s 22 percent, but Deborah Waterhouse, who heads the British drugmaker’s HIV unit, says she hopes to overtake her U.S. rival by the mid-2020s.

That is a bold ambition, since many analysts have been expecting GSK to lose market share to Gilead’s new triple drug Biktarvy, rather than see it gain ground.

“SLOW BURN”
Liberum analyst Roger Franklin, who rates GSK a ‘buy’, believes the company’s dual-drug strategy has been under-appreciated by the market.

“Whilst duals will likely be a slow burn as resistance data is collected and the regimen gains credence among physicians, the prospects are much improved now versus a year ago,” he said.

GSK is betting that a shift to using two drugs rather than three will boost its sales by offering patients a therapy with greater convenience and fewer toxic side effects. In certain cases, depending on the drugs used, two-drug regimens will also be significantly cheaper.

Still, some doctors worry that using just two drugs to keep the AIDS virus at bay might risk drug resistance because HIV will only have to evade two drugs rather than three. That is certainly the view at Gilead, which is sticking with three.

In the case of the cabotegravir and rilpivirine monthly injection, GSK said drug resistance results in the latest study were consistent with data from earlier smaller trials. It did not go into further details but said full results would be presented at an upcoming scientific meeting.

ViiV Chief Scientific and Medical Officer John Pottage argued the novel injection offered an alternative long-term treatment for patients.

“If approved, this regimen would give people living with HIV one month between each dose of antiretroviral therapy, changing HIV treatment from 365 dosing days per year, to just 12,” he said.

Results from a second trial of cabotegravir and rilpivirine are expected later this year. Rilpivirine was developed by Johnson & Johnson and GSK is working with the U.S. drugmaker on the new injection regimen.

[Big Sexy]

Fake, low quality drugs come at high cost
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-h...-idUSKCN1LG2TM

(Reuters Health) - About one in eight essential medicines in low- and middle-income countries may be fake or contain dangerous mixes of ingredients that put patients’ lives at risk, a research review suggests.

Researchers examined data from more 350 previous studies that tested more 400,000 drug samples in low- and middle-income countries. Overall, roughly 14 percent of medicines were counterfeit, expired or otherwise low quality and unlikely to be as safe or effective as patients might expect.

“Low-quality medicines can have no or little active pharmaceutical ingredient (and) can prolong illness, lead to treatment failure and contribute to drug resistance,” said lead study author Sachiko Ozawa of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

“Or it may have too much active ingredient and cause a drug overdose,” Ozawa said by email. “If it is contaminated or has other active ingredients, then the medication could cause poisoning, adverse drug interactions or avertable deaths.”

Much of the research to date on counterfeit or otherwise unsafe medicines has focused on Africa, and about half of the studies in the current analysis were done there.

Almost one in five medications tested in Africa were fake or otherwise potentially unsafe, researchers report in JAMA Network Open.

Another third of the studies were done in Asia, where about 14 percent of medicines tested were found to be counterfeit or otherwise unsafe.

Antibiotics and antimalarials were the most tested drugs in the analysis. Overall, about 19 percent of antimalarials and 12 percent of antibiotics were falsified or otherwise unsafe.

While fake or improperly made medicines undoubtedly harm patients, the current analysis couldn’t tell how many people suffered serious side effects or died as a result of falsified drugs.

Researchers did try to assess the economic impact of counterfeit or improperly made medicines and found the annual cost might run anywhere from $10 billion to $200 billion.

While the study didn’t examine high-income countries, drug quality concerns are by no means limited to less affluent nations, Ozawa said.

“Even in high-income countries, purchasing cheaper medicines from illegitimate sources online could result in obtaining substandard or falsified medicines,” Ozawa said. “Verify the source before you buy medications, and make policymakers aware of the problem so they can work to improve the global supply chain of medicines.”‘’

The study wasn’t a controlled experiment designed to prove whether or how counterfeit or poorly made medicines directly harm patients, however. And economic impact was difficult to assess from smaller studies that often didn’t include detailed methodology for calculating the financial toll.

The report “provides important validation of what is largely already known,” Tim Mackey of the Global Health Policy Institute in La Jolla, California, writes in an accompanying editorial. “It is important to note that although the study is comprehensive, its narrow scope means it only provides a snapshot of the entire problem, as it is limited to studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries and to those medicines classified as essential by the World Health Organization.”

[Big Sexy]

What effect does ADHD have on sexuality?
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321860.php

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) causes a range of symptoms, including hyperactivity, difficulty paying attention, and behavioral problems. ADHD may also affect romantic relationships, feelings of self-worth, or even the ability to perform sexually.

These markers are not used to make a diagnosis, and they may be due to the disorder itself or develop as a side effect of medicines used for treatment.

Though ADHD is frequently diagnosed in childhood, it affects the lives of many adults. Some adults with ADHD report experiencing changes in their sex life.

How does ADHD impact sexuality?

Nailing down symptoms is difficult because these changes can affect everyone differently:

Hyposexuality

Adhd and sexuality can lead to hyposexuality
A person with ADHD may have a low sex drive.
Some people with ADHD report changes in their sex drive.

Some experience hyposexuality or the loss of the desire for sex.

A person experiencing hyposexuality may have no interest in sexual activity whatsoever.

They may find sex challenging to focus on, lose interest in the middle of sexual activity, or become easily distracted.

Hyposexuality might be symptomatic of ADHD in some cases, but it is also a possible side effect of some ADHD medications or antidepressants that are often used to treat ADHD symptoms.

Inability to orgasm

Many people with ADHD experience other issues apart from their sex drive. Some people may have a healthy sex drive but have difficulties reaching orgasm, even after prolonged stimulation. This may be due to boredom, problems staying focused, or other feelings. In some cases, an inability to orgasm is a side effect of medications.

Hypersensitivity

Many people with ADHD experience a physical hypersensitivity to a variety of things, including touch.

Being hypersensitive may mean that stimulation of their genitals might be uncomfortable or even painful in someone with ADHD. This sensitivity may also extend to other senses as well.

Smells or tastes associated with sex may reduce arousal or make it difficult for a person to focus on the act itself, which may lead to difficulties in staying aroused.

Hyperactivity

Hyperactivity, which is a symptom closely associated with ADHD, might also affect a person's sex life. People with ADHD may find it difficult to relax or unwind, which could make it hard for them to become aroused. They may also feel the need to switch positions frequently or may be unable to stay focused long enough to have sex.

Other symptoms

Adults with ADHD may also present with a range of other symptoms that may include emotional instability or symptoms of anxiety and depression. Symptoms such as these can be extremely challenging on a day-to-day basis and may also affect a person's sex life.

These emotional issues might put stress on a romantic relationship, making a difficult situation even more difficult than before.

These feelings of anxiety and instability may also affect a person with ADHD who is not in a romantic relationship. These emotions might lead to reluctance in seeking healthful relationships with other people or worry surrounding their individual sexuality.

Overcoming the sexual difficulties of ADHD

There are many techniques and coping strategies that people with ADHD can learn to improve their sexual relationships with other people:

Communication

Communication can help problems regarding adhd and sexuality
Discussing sexual issues with a partner may help to improve the situation.
Communication is vital. Discussing any sexual issues with a partner may help them better understand how they can help.

It may also ease any uncertainty they might have about the situation. A person with ADHD may find communication difficult at first.

However, openly expressing individual needs or talking about trouble areas with intimacy may put both people's minds at ease and help them to relax and enjoy sex more.

Avoid sensations

Romance and sexuality can involve the use of many senses, such as smell and touch. However, these sensations may not be suitable for people with ADHD who are hypersensitive. For example, scented candles, incense, or massage oils may be too distracting for some people, while others might be sensitive to light or sounds.

When a person identifies what does and does not work for them, they should let their partner know, which should help create a welcoming sexual atmosphere.

Remove distractions

While some people find mood music or background noise calming, someone with ADHD might find it distracting.

Turning off the television, radio, or computer during sex may help avoid these distractions. However, distractions can range from the sound of a fan in the room to the sight of an unfinished project on the table. These distractions may be enough to reduce arousal in some people.

Again, communication is essential. When people know what distraction to avoid, they may find their romantic moments are more present and focused.

Make changes

For people who appear to be losing interest in sex, making changes in their sexual play, techniques, or even locations may provide enough stimuli to improve arousal and increase their sexual satisfaction.

Always communicate this to the sexual partner, but changing the sexual routine may be the way forward for some people.

Focus on being present

Mindfulness exercises may help regarding issues of adhd and hyposexuality
Practicing mindfulness exercises such as meditation or yoga may help to calm a person before sex.
Making an effort to stay focused on what is happening in the moment may help keep a person's mind from straying.

Learning to focus takes practice, and mindfulness activities, such as meditation, breathing exercises, or yoga, may be a good place to start.

Doing these activities with a partner before sex may help calm both people down, allowing them to enter a more relaxed state.

Scheduling

Sometimes, problems with sex may be overcome by setting a schedule and sticking to it. Scheduling sex may sound unromantic, but it may put some people's mind at ease. Knowing that they have a specific time to focus on sex may help ease a person's anxiety or help them prepare for it.

Takeaway

Some of the symptoms of ADHD may create difficulties in a person's sex life and romantic relationships. The key to changing these symptoms may vary from person-to-person, but patience and communication between partners are crucial.

In many cases, a sex therapist or relationship counselor with experience helping people with ADHD may provide guidance and help people with ADHD find happiness and expression in their sexual relationships.

[Big Sexy]

Chlamydia and erectile dysfunction: What's the link?
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322048.php

Some individuals with chlamydia experience difficulty getting or keeping an erection, which is commonly called erectile dysfunction. This difficulty occurs when chlamydia infects the prostate gland, leading to prostatitis.
Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can cause long-term health problems. Many people with chlamydia have no symptoms and are unaware that they have the infection.

If it goes untreated, chlamydia can lead to:

chronic prostatitis in men, causing pain and erectile dysfunction (ED)
an increased risk of getting HIV
permanent infertility in women and a painful condition called pelvic inflammatory disease
In this article, we explore the link between chlamydia and ED. We also describe when to get tested, how chlamydia is treated, and which other conditions can cause ED.

Does chlamydia cause ED?

Chlamydia can infect the prostate, causing a complication called prostatitis, which can lead to ED.

If chlamydia enters the genital tract, it can spread to nearby organs. In males, chlamydia bacteria can infect the urethra, which is the tube that carries sperm out of the body. Over time, the bacteria can travel through the urethra to the prostate gland.

If the prostate becomes infected and inflamed, it may restrict the flow of blood to the penis, which can make getting or keeping an erection difficult.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States report that chlamydia can spread to a sexual partner, even when a male does not ejaculate during the encounter.

Chlamydia symptoms

Chlamydia often causes no symptoms. In some people, symptoms appear several weeks after the initial infection, and by then a person may have spread chlamydia to someone else.

When chlamydia does cause symptoms, they can include:

a burning sensation when urinating
discharge from the penis or vagina
pain or swelling in the testicles, which is less common
Chlamydia can indirectly cause ED. This does not mean that a person with ED necessarily has chlamydia or another STI.

If an individual is having problems getting or keeping an erection, they should discuss it with a doctor, who can advise about treatment.

Prevention

Anyone who is sexually active is at risk for getting chlamydia. The CDC estimate that 2.6 million cases of infection occur each year in the U.S.

Practicing safe sex can prevent chlamydia and its complications. A person can do this by:

using condoms or dental dams correctly every time they have sex
only having sex with people who have been tested and treated for any STIs
abstaining from vaginal, oral, and anal sex

Treatment for chlamydia and ED

A chlamydia test may involve a urine sample or a swab of the inside of the urethra. If chlamydia is confirmed, the person should begin treatment right away.

It is essential to discuss the diagnosis with any sexual partners, including past partners who may have contracted and spread the infection. Some clinics offer to call these past partners and inform them, without naming anyone involved.

Informing sexual partners about the diagnosis will allow them to get tested and begin treatment, if necessary.

A doctor will prescribe antibiotics to treat chlamydia. It is crucial to take all the antibiotics as prescribed. Failing to finish a full course may mean that some bacteria survive and cause another infection.

A complete course of antibiotics can cure the infection causing prostatitis, which may relieve ED symptoms.

Becoming infected with chlamydia multiple times is possible. Completing a course of treatment will clear up an infection, but it does not make a person immune.

Anyone diagnosed with chlamydia should avoid all sexual contact for 7 days after taking the single-dose antibiotic or while taking the 7-day treatment course.

Can other conditions cause ED?

Physical, psychological, and emotional factors can contribute to ED. Just a handful of the many health conditions that can cause it include:

heart disease
type 2 diabetes
high blood pressure
kidney problems
anxiety
depression
Stress and certain medications can also cause ED, as can STI-related anxiety and discomfort.

In addition, authors of a study from 2011 found that men aged 40–59 with HIV had significantly higher rates of ED.

When to see a doctor

A person with any of the following symptoms should seek medical advice:

problems getting or keeping an erection
burning during urination
pain during sex
discharge from the penis
a rash in the genitals
Only a healthcare professional can properly diagnose and treat STIs. For people who are sexually active, regular testing for chlamydia is an important part of staying healthy.

Family doctors and some medical clinics offer STI testing. While untreated chlamydia can cause a number of health complications, the condition is curable.

Regular medical checkups and STI testing can help to prevent and treat ED and other problems resulting from chlamydia.

[sammyboyfor]

Originally Posted by Big Sexy

Chlamydia and erectile dysfunction: What's the link?

If my PSA test is normal does that mean I don't have chlamydia?

[Big Sexy]

hmm..read here and make your own conclusion.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188942/

ABSTRACT
Background:
We investigated prostate involvement during sexually transmitted infections by measuring serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a marker of prostate infection, inflammation, and/or cell damage in young, male US military members.

Methods:
We measured PSA before and during infection for 299 chlamydia, 112 gonorrhoea, and 59 non-chlamydial, non-gonococcal urethritis (NCNGU) cases, and 256 controls.

Results:
Chlamydia and gonorrhoea, but not NCNGU, cases were more likely to have a large rise (⩾40%) in PSA than controls (33.6%, 19.1%, and 8.2% vs 8.8%, P<0.0001, 0.021, and 0.92, respectively).

Conclusion:
Chlamydia and gonorrhoea may infect the prostate of some infected men.

Keywords: sexually transmitted infections, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, non-chlamydial, non-gonococcal urethritis, prostate-specific antigen, prostate cancer

Originally Posted by sammyboyfor

If my PSA test is normal does that mean I don't have chlamydia?